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Perimenopause, also known as the transition to menopause, is a natural phase in a woman's life typically occurring in her 40s. During perimenopause, the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and a range of physical and emotional symptoms. These symptoms can vary widely, often including but not limited to hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and changes in libido. 

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As perimenopause progresses, women may notice an increase in the frequency and intensity of these symptoms. Eventually, they reach menopause, which is defined as the point when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. At this stage, estrogen levels have significantly decreased, marking the end of reproductive years.

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Menopause is a natural biological process, but it can have a profound impact on physical and emotional well-being. While some women experience minimal symptoms, others may find the transition challenging and disruptive to daily life. Understanding menopause and its associated changes is essential for women to navigate this phase with knowledge and confidence.